What to do if ovarian cysts are found during pregnancy

Ovarian cysts discovered during pregnancy usually require observation and follow-up or surgical treatment depending on the nature of the cyst and the stage of pregnancy.

1. Observation of physiological cysts

Most corpus luteum cysts discovered in early pregnancy are physiological, less than 5 cm in diameter and have no complications. It is recommended to review ultrasound every 4-6 weeks. This type of cyst will naturally disappear as the gestational age increases, and abnormal symptoms such as abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding need to be monitored during this period. Avoid strenuous exercise and abdominal pressure every day, and sleep on your side to reduce the risk of ovarian torsion.

2. Pathological cyst evaluation

Persistent cystic masses or cysts greater than 10 cm in diameter require further testing for tumor markers. Common benign cysts during pregnancy include cystadenoma and teratoma, the nature of which can be evaluated by MRI. If symptoms of acute abdomen such as cyst rupture or torsion occur, you need to seek medical treatment immediately. Pay attention to record the location of abdominal pain, body temperature changes and fetal movements.

3. Timing of surgical intervention

The second trimester (14-24 weeks) is a relatively safe window for surgery, suitable for rapidly growing cysts or suspected malignant lesions. Laparoscopic surgery is the preferred method and needs to be jointly evaluated by an experienced obstetrician and gynecological oncologist. Postoperative fetal monitoring is required to prevent uterine contractions and infection. Avoid non-urgent surgeries in the first and third trimester.

4. Choice of delivery method

Pregnant women with ovarian cysts can still give birth vaginally if there are no obstetric indications, but huge cysts may obstruct the birth canal and require cesarean section. It is recommended to deliver the baby in a tertiary hospital with support from neonatology and gynecology teams. Pelvic ultrasound needs to be reviewed 6 weeks after delivery, and persistent pathological cysts should be treated electively after delivery.

5. Nutritional support plan

Increase the intake of high-quality protein and dietary fiber, such as fish, broccoli, etc., and control high-sugar and high-fat diets to avoid stimulating cyst growth. Vitamin E and essential fatty acids can be supplemented in appropriate amounts, but estrogen-containing health products are prohibited. The daily water intake should be kept at 1.5-2 liters, and it is advisable to drink small amounts in portions.

If ovarian cysts are discovered during pregnancy, regular prenatal check-ups should be carried out and changes in the cysts should be recorded, and avoid self-administering traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Emergency treatment is required when sudden lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, or abnormal fetal movements occur. It is recommended to breastfeed for at least 6 months after delivery to help regulate endocrine and cyst absorption. Maintain low-intensity exercise such as moderate walking, and avoid heavy lifting and standing for long periods of time.