What causes vulvar ulcers

Vulvar ulcers may be caused by infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, skin diseases, allergic reactions, or tumors.

Infectious diseases are common causes of vulvar ulcers, mainly including bacterial infections, viral infections, and fungal infections. Bacterial infections such as Streptococcus pyogenes can cause acute vulvar ulcers, which manifest as redness, swelling, heat and pain. A common viral infection is herpes simplex virus type 2 infection, which can cause recurring herpetic ulcers. Fungal infections such as candidal vulvitis may develop into ulcers when the immune system is low. Autoimmune diseases such as Behcet's disease can present with recurrent vulvar ulcers, often accompanied by oral ulcers and eye symptoms. Chronic skin diseases such as lichen planus and lichen sclerosus may form ulcerative lesions on the vulva. Allergic reactions include contact dermatitis to sanitary products, contraceptives, or medications, and in severe cases can lead to ulcers. Neoplastic diseases such as vulvar squamous cell carcinoma may present early as ulcers that do not heal.

It is recommended to keep the vulva clean and dry, avoid using harsh lotions, and choose breathable cotton underwear. If a vulvar ulcer occurs, you should seek medical examination promptly and carry out targeted treatment after the cause is clarified to avoid delaying the condition with self-medication. You should pay attention to rest every day, strengthen nutritional support, and improve immunity to help heal ulcers and prevent recurrence.