What are the symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome?

The main symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome include abnormal menstruation, hirsutism, acne, obesity, infertility, etc. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine and metabolic disease that may be related to genetic, environmental, insulin resistance and other factors.

1. Abnormal menstruation

Abnormal menstruation is a typical symptom of polycystic ovary syndrome, manifested as oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, or irregular menstrual cycles. Patients may have menstrual periods only once in several months, or they may have light periods. This symptom is related to ovarian ovulation dysfunction, and long-term menstrual abnormalities may lead to endometrial lesions.

2. Hairy

Hirsutism is mainly characterized by an increase in hair on the face, chest, abdomen and other parts of the body, which is related to increased androgen levels in the body. Patients may have thick and black hair on the upper lip, chin, and around the areola, and some patients may also experience male pattern baldness.

3. Acne

Acne mostly occurs on the face, chest and back, manifesting as stubborn, recurring inflammatory papules or cysts. This is related to the excessive secretion of sebaceous glands stimulated by androgens. Acne often worsens before menstruation, and conventional treatments are ineffective.

4. Obesity

About half of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome are obese, especially abdominal obesity. Patients' body mass index often exceeds 25 and their waist-to-hip ratio increases. Obesity and insulin resistance interact with each other to form a vicious cycle and aggravate endocrine disorders.

5. Infertility

Infertility is the main reason for medical consultation for many patients, with difficulty conceiving due to ovulation disorders. Long-term anovulation exposes the endometrium to long-term estrogen stimulation, increasing the risk of endometrial cancer. Some patients require assisted reproductive technology to become pregnant.

Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome should pay attention to weight control, maintain regular exercise, choose low-glycemic index foods, and limit high-sugar and high-fat diets. Ensure adequate sleep, avoid staying up late, and reduce mental stress. Conduct regular gynecological examinations and metabolic index monitoring, standardize treatment under the guidance of a doctor, and do not take hormone drugs on your own. For patients with fertility needs, they should receive early medical evaluation and develop an individualized ovulation induction plan.