What to do if you have severe cramps during menstruation?

Severe menstrual cramps can be alleviated through methods such as applying heat, taking painkillers, adjusting one's diet, engaging in moderate exercise, and seeking traditional Chinese medicine treatment. Menstrual cramps are usually caused by excessive secretion of prostaglandins, abnormal uterine contractions, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, or stress.

1. Hot compress

Applying heat to the lower abdomen can help relax the uterine muscles and alleviate spasmodic pain. When using a hot water bottle or a heating pad, make sure the temperature is not too high to avoid burning your skin. Apply the heat for 15-30 minutes at a time. This method is suitable for primary dysmenorrhea; however, if the pain persists or worsens, or if it is accompanied by fever, pathological factors such as pelvic inflammatory disease should be considered.

2. Take painkillers

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen sustained-release capsules, paracetamol tablets, and naproxen sodium tablets can inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins. It is recommended to use it for a short period under the guidance of a doctor, and to avoid taking it on an empty stomach. Patients with gastrointestinal ulcers should use this medication with caution. If vomiting blood or passing black stools occurs after taking the medication, medical attention should be sought immediately.

3. Adjust your diet

During menstruation, it is advisable to avoid cold, raw, and spicy foods. Drinking an appropriate amount of brown sugar ginger tea can help promote blood circulation. Increase the intake of foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon and walnuts, and reduce the consumption of red meat. Patients with endometriosis should limit their intake of soy products that are high in estrogen.

4. Moderate exercise

Performing low-intensity activities such as yoga or walking during menstruation can help promote the release of endorphins, thereby alleviating pain. Avoid swimming or engaging in strenuous running and jumping to prevent catching a chill or experiencing retrograde menstruation. Patients with adenomyosis who experience persistent abdominal pain after exercise should stop such activity.

5. Traditional Chinese medicine for regulation

Moxibustion at the Guanyuan and Sanyinjiao acupoints can help warm the meridians and dispel cold. Under the guidance of a physician, traditional Chinese medicines such as Aifu Nuangong Pills or Shaofu Zhuyu Granules can also be used. In the case of dysmenorrhea due to cold coagulation and blood stasis, the menstrual blood appears dark purple with clots; whereas in the case of dysmenorrhea caused by damp-heat and blood stasis, the menstrual blood is thick and yellow in color.

During your period, make sure to get enough sleep and avoid staying up late or experiencing mood swings. Drink 1500–2000 milliliters of warm water daily and wear loose clothing to reduce pressure on the abdomen. Record the duration of each menstrual cramp and any accompanying symptoms. If there is bleeding outside of the menstrual period, pain during intercourse, or a feeling of pressure in the anus, it is necessary to consider the possibility of endometriosis. It is recommended to undergo gynecological ultrasound examinations annually. If menstrual pain significantly affects daily life, it is necessary to seek medical attention to rule out any organic diseases.