Thunder For the general public, the core of the basic first aid skills that are really practical and can be used at high frequency are cardiopulmonary resuscitation (including the use of AED), Heimlich first aid, compression hemostasis, wound dressing, emergency treatment of burns and scalds, and temporary fixation of sprains and fractures. Don't think too much. Spend two hours to practice the public welfare training of the local Red Cross, and you will be able to get started basically. It will be of great use if you really encounter something.
Last month, I went climbing a mountain in the suburbs with my friends. When I met a middle-aged uncle, I suddenly fell down with a heart attack, and I couldn't wake up. I couldn't feel the pulse of the carotid artery on my neck. A pediatric nurse in my colleague just brought a portable AED, knelt on the ground and pressed it for two minutes and defibrillated it once. When someone coughed slowly, the ambulance just drove to the foot of the mountain. If no one knew this trick, it would take at least 20 minutes to wait for the bus to go up the mountain, and the probability of the National People's Congress could not be saved.
However, there are different voices on the Internet about whether ordinary people should learn CPR. Some people are afraid that they will be held responsible for improper operation and broken ribs. Others think that the golden rescue window for cardiac arrest is only four minutes. If you dare to reach out, you will be stronger than nothing. In the past two years, our country has successively promulgated a number of "Good People Law", which clearly stipulates that the rescuer will not bear civil liability if he voluntarily implements first aid and causes damage to the aided person. In fact, there is no need to worry too much if something really happens.
Usually, the most common injuries we encounter are daily injuries. Last week, a child downstairs broke his arm while playing skateboard. Parents were in a hurry to send a doctor to drag the child's wrist and stuffed it into the car, which made the child cry. I just went downstairs to get the express delivery, and I took a roll of elastic bandage in my bag for hiking, and found a hard express box to temporarily fix my arm. When I went to the hospital, the doctor said fortunately, I didn't drag it blindly, otherwise all the fractures that had not been displaced could be pulled out of position, and subsequent recovery would be much more troublesome. There is also a high frequency of burns and scalds. Many elders still believe in applying soy sauce and toothpaste. Last month, the neighbor's child touched the kettle, and grandma just squeezed the toothpaste to wipe it up. I was stopped from washing it with running cold water for 20 minutes, and then two small blisters appeared, leaving no scars. If toothpaste was really applied, it might aggravate the infection and affect the doctor's judgment of the injury.
I have compiled a cross-reference table of the most common first-aid scenes in daily life, all of which are dry goods that have been actually operated, so it's not a loss to write it down:
| Common sudden scenes | Key operation points | Absolute pit avoidance reminder |
|---|---|---|
| A foreign body is stuck in the throat (it is needed only when you can't breathe, your face is purple and you can't speak, and you can cough and speak without intervention) | Stand behind the patient's back, hold his waist, put his fist on the position of two fingers above the navel, and quickly press upward and inward. | Pat on the back, stretch out my hand to dig my throat |
| Cardiac arrest (no wake-up, no breathing, no carotid pulse) | Do chest compressions at the midpoint of the connection line between the two nipples, with a depth of 5-6cm and a frequency of 100-120 times per minute, and call someone to find a nearby AED. | Shake people hard, feed water, pinch people and waste time. |
| There is a lot of bleeding in the wound (especially in the case of arterial blood spray) | Use clean gauze/towel to directly press on the wound and keep pressing. If the bleeding can't stop, add another layer of cloth to press. | Sprinkle unknown powder on the wound and bind the limbs with rope for more than 1 hour without relaxing. |
| Slight burns and scalds (only redness, swelling and blisters, no large area of broken skin) | Rinse with flowing cold water for more than 20 minutes, and then cover it with clean gauze for medical treatment. | Wipe toothpaste, soy sauce, and purple syrup, and pick out blisters without permission. |
In fact, there is really no threshold for these skills. You don't have to memorize obscure technical terms. It's better to find an offline public welfare training and practice it once than to stand by and be at a loss when something really happens, right?
