Blankenship Basic first aid skills are essentially practical technologies designed for the general public, which can be mastered without professional medical background, and can strive for living space for patients before the arrival of professional rescue such as 120. At present, there is no absolutely unified classification standard in the general first aid training system in China, and the core is set around the core objectives of on-site risk investigation, vital signs maintenance, trauma control and common emergency response.
Many people's impression of first aid is chest compressions. In fact, when something really happens, the first thing to do is not to save people. Before I went to the construction site for training with community first aid lecturers, I encountered a real case: after high-speed rear-end collision, a well-intentioned person rushed to save the trapped people, without putting a triangle warning sign in the rear, and was almost hit by a car that didn't avoid it in time, but became a new injured person. This kind of on-site risk assessment is the premise of all first aid actions, and it is also the most easily overlooked.
The highest priority is definitely the use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED), which are the golden combination to deal with cardiac arrest. The golden treatment window for cardiac arrest is only 4 minutes, and the success rate of treatment will drop by 10% for every 1 minute delay. If you wait for 120, it will be too late. Last year, a passenger in the Shanghai subway suddenly fell to the ground, and there happened to be an office worker who had studied first aid. At the first time, he judged that it was cardiac arrest. He called someone to take the AED in the station and knelt down to do chest compressions. After defibrillation twice, he woke up. Later, he was sent to the hospital without any sequelae. These two skills are now almost compulsory in all first-aid training, and the operation is simple. AED also has full voice prompts, and even if you follow the instructions for the first time, you won't make mistakes.
If you encounter such injuries as bumps and cuts, you can use hemostasis, dressing, fixing and handling. Don't think these are trivial things. Before, a takeaway brother was scraped by the handlebar of an electric car to the femoral artery, and the people around him didn't know how to stop bleeding. He took a plastic bag and sent it to the hospital, and he went into hemorrhagic shock halfway. If he would press a clean towel on the wound and bandage it, he would take less risks. By the way, there is still a controversial point here. Many elderly people still think that burns and scalds should be smeared with toothpaste, soy sauce and plant ash to "diminish inflammation". In fact, the current international first aid guidelines have long made it clear that mild burns and scalds that have not been broken should be washed with flowing cold water at room temperature for 15-30 minutes at the first time to cool down, but scribbling things will easily cause infection and affect doctors' judgment of the injury.
There are also some daily high-frequency emergency response skills, such as Heimlich's method for children to eat jelly and peanuts and get stuck in the airway. In case of a stroke or fainting, let him lie on his side first and don't give medicine casually. People with seizures don't put anything in their mouths and don't break off convulsive limbs. These seem simple, but they can save a lot of trouble when they really encounter something. My best friend's family had an old man eating glutinous rice balls during the Spring Festival last year. Her father just learned Heimlich, picked them up and hit them three times and then spit them out. If he waited for 120, he might be deprived of oxygen.
I have compiled a small list of the key points of several core skills that people usually ask the most for your reference:
| Common skills | Applicable scenario | Common misunderstandings |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation +AED operation | Cardiac arrest (no response, no breathing/dying gasp, no carotid pulse) | Don't do chest compressions when you see someone faint. Judge the vital signs first to avoid causing damage to unwanted people. |
| Heimlich maneuver | Obstruction of foreign body in airway (inability to speak, cough, blue complexion and lips) | Infants under 1 year old should not use adult abdominal impact method, but should combine back patting and chest pressing operation. |
| Pressure hemostasis | Traumatic bleeding (especially jet arterial bleeding) | Don't use rope and wire to stop bleeding for a long time, which is easy to cause limb ischemia and necrosis. |
| Treatment of mild burns and scalds | First-degree/second-degree burns and scalds with unbroken skin | Don't apply toothpaste, soy sauce, honey and other remedies, and wait for a long time with cold water before seeing a doctor as appropriate. |
In fact, these skills are really not difficult. If you find a formal first-aid training, you can practice the core skills in one afternoon. Many friends around me thought at first that "this kind of thing will never happen to me in my life", only to find out after learning it. Maybe you can use it one day, even if it is a guarantee for the elderly and children at home.
