Signs of a girl’s first menstruation

The main signs of a girl’s first menstruation include breast development, pubic hair growth, increased leucorrhea, abdominal pain, mood swings, etc. Menarche is an important sign of puberty, usually occurring between the ages of 10 and 16, and is related to genetics, nutrition, environment and other factors.

1. Breast development

Breast swelling and hardening are early signs of menarche. The color of the areola may become darker, the nipple may gradually protrude, and some girls may experience slight swelling and pain. At this time, it is recommended to choose soft and breathable underwear to avoid squeezing. Breast development usually occurs 1-2 years before menarche.

2. Pubic hair growth

Fine and soft villi appear on the vulva, gradually becoming thicker and denser, and are distributed in an inverted triangle shape. Pubic hair growth usually begins six months to one year after breast development and is related to the activation of adrenal cortex function. Parents need to instruct their children to keep the perineum clean by washing it with warm water every day.

3. Increased leucorrhea

Transparent or milky white discharge can be seen on the underwear, with no peculiar smell or a slight sour smell. This is a normal phenomenon of vaginal mucosal cell shedding under the influence of estrogen. It is recommended to use pure cotton underwear and change it daily. If itching or odor occurs, you need to see a doctor to check for vaginitis.

4. Abdominal pain

Intermittent lower abdominal distention may occur 1 to 3 months before menarche, which is related to pelvic congestion. The pain is mild and short-lasting, and can be relieved by hot compress or rest. If the pain is severe or lasts for more than 2 days, you need to be alert to pathological factors such as congenital reproductive tract malformations.

5. Mood swings

Irritability, anxiety, or emotional sensitivity are common and are related to changes in hormone levels that affect neurotransmitters. Ensuring adequate sleep and moderate exercise can help regulate your mood. Parents should provide understanding and support and avoid excessive preaching.

It is recommended to record the menstrual cycle after menarche. Menstruation may be irregular in the early stage, but it usually becomes stable after 1-2 years. Pay attention to keeping your abdomen warm every day, avoid strenuous exercise, and add iron-rich foods such as lean meat and animal liver to your diet. If you have severe dysmenorrhea, heavy menstruation or cycle disorder for more than 3 months, you need to go to a gynecologist in time to check for polycystic ovary syndrome and other diseases. Change sanitary napkins every 2-3 hours, and avoid bathing and swimming during menstruation.