Basic first aid skills popularization training content

The basic first aid skill popularization training for the general public does not need to be stacked with complicated medical knowledge points. The most practical and highest-coverage content can be condensed into 4 life-saving skills that can be quickly learned + 1 cognitive correction + 1 practical simulation, covering more than 90% of the handling needs of daily emergency first aid scenarios. There is no need to gnaw through thick professional textbooks at the beginning. Ordinary people can use it after learning it, and using it can save people. The first principle.

To be honest, during the three years I have been working as a community first aid science lecturer, I have met too many people who said that they had listened to many first aid classes before and took down several pages of notes. When something happens, their minds go blank and they can’t think of anything. Therefore, our first principle in training now is to cut out the complicated and simplify it, leaving only the most useful ones.

The first thing to bear the brunt must be the use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) + automated external defibrillator (AED). After all, cardiac arrest is the most dangerous emergency situation in daily life. The golden rescue time is only 4 minutes. If 120 takes an average of more than 10 minutes to arrive, it will most likely be too late. Here is a small controversy within the industry: Regarding the depth of compression, the current internationally mainstream American Heart Association (AHA) guideline recommends 5-6 cm. Some domestic first aid training systems follow the old standard of at least 5 cm. In fact, ordinary people do not have to worry about the 1 cm difference in numbers. When compressing, they can If you feel that the chest is obviously sagging, you have reached the standard. Don't be afraid to press the ribs - broken ribs can be cured later. Cerebral hypoxia for more than 4 minutes is irreversible damage. If you really encounter trouble, just press it boldly. The "good person clause" of the Civil Code has already given you a guarantee. As long as you do not intentionally cause harm, you do not need to bear any responsibility. Last year, Brother Zhang, the security guard in our community, had just finished learning CPR for half a month. Uncle Li downstairs had a heart attack and collapsed while he was walking. Brother Zhang went up and pressed the button for 3 minutes. The management brought an AED and except for one tremor, when 120 came, the uncle had already regained consciousness. Now he is still fighting with people at the chess stall in the community every day. Nowadays, subway stations, shopping malls, and schools are basically equipped with AEDs. The casing opens when you pull it, and there is voice guidance throughout the process. Even a fool can use it. There is no need to worry about making mistakes in operation. If the electrode pad is applied upside down, the machine will recognize and adjust it by itself without affecting the effect.

Then there is the Heimlich maneuver for airway foreign body obstruction, which is also a must-learn skill for mothers and catering workers. Many people think that as long as something is stuck, they have to slap it in the stomach. This is not true. If the patient can still cough loudly and can talk, it means that the airway is not completely blocked. Don't pat the back and don't hug him. Let him cough on his own first. If he can't cough out, then start. For babies under 1 year old, you cannot hold them up and rub their stomachs. They should turn them over and pat the middle of the shoulder blades, followed by chest compressions. This is currently a unified standard internationally and domestically. However, some pediatric emergency schools suggest that if the baby weighs less than 5 kilograms, the strength of the back pats should be halved. The actual operation can be adjusted according to the child's reaction. Last month, a student sent me a message saying that she was eating at a hot pot restaurant last week, and the child next to her had a stuffed belly stuck in her belly and her face turned purple. She went up and pressed it three times and spit it out. She said that luckily she had practiced it during class, otherwise she would have been so panicked that she couldn't stand still.

Trauma hemostatic dressing is also a must-learn topic. There is also a point that has been controversial for many years: whether the tourniquet should be loosened regularly. The old textbooks in the past said that you should loosen the tourniquet for 1-2 minutes every 30-40 minutes to avoid limb necrosis. Now the latest first aid guide for combat injuries states that if you use a standard spinning tourniquet, you only need to mark the time for tying the tourniquet and do not loosen it midway to avoid repeated bleeding and aggravating shock. If ordinary people do not have a professional tourniquet around them and use cloth strips or belts as temporary substitutes, it is still recommended to loosen it for half a minute every 30 minutes. When tying it, tie it near the heart of the wound and do not tie it directly to the wound. By the way, don’t follow the example of TV dramas where you sprinkle incense ash or toothpaste on the wound. That will only increase the risk of infection. Applying firm pressure with clean gauze and towel is better than anything else.

The rest is the initial treatment of acute poisoning and common emergencies. You don’t need to memorize too many complicated knowledge points, just remember a few core taboos: Don’t feed Angong Niuhuang Pills to someone who has a stroke, don’t shake him, let him lie on his side to avoid choking on vomit, just call 120 and tell him the address clearly.； If someone is poisoned after eating the wrong thing, don't induce vomiting, especially if you drink corrosive things like toilet cleaners and pesticides. Inducing vomiting will burn the esophagus twice. Just call 120 and tell them clearly what you ate and how much you ate. ； When someone faints, first check their nose to see if they are breathing and whether their chest is rising or falling. Don't try to pinch the person. pinching will not save the person who has suffered a cardiac arrest. Instead, it may block his airway.

Many trainings ignore the cognitive correction aspect, but in fact this is the most important thing. I have seen too many people think that "first aid is a matter for doctors, and it is useless for me as an ordinary person to learn it." "I will have to pay for it if I fail to save it." These thoughts can really delay things. If you take action at the scene, you are saving the life of the patient. As long as you do not intentionally hurt others, the law will not let good people suffer.

Finally, don’t believe in the kind of training that just shows PPT. To learn first aid, you must practice it. Once the mannequin is placed, you will know whether you are strong enough by pressing it twice. If you try the AED in your hand, you will know how to open it and how to attach the electrode pads. I met an uncle during the last training. During the training, he pressed too hard and the mannequin's reminder light kept red. It took him ten minutes of practice to find the feeling. He said that he thought it would be enough to press once, but he didn't expect it to take so much effort.

I have been doing science popularization for so long, and I have seen too many people who could have been saved, but they missed the time because no one around them knew first aid. I have also seen too many ordinary people who only studied for two hours, and then turned around and saved a life. In fact, first aid is not that high-level, and you don’t need to take a certificate to get started. If you master these core skills and dare to stand up when encountering problems, you will be better than anything else.