Popular science training of basic first aid skills

Ordinary people don't need to master complicated medical operations. They only need to spend 2-3 hours attending basic first aid training in formal institutions and master four core skills, so they can cover more than 80% of the daily emergency gold disposal window needs, and they will not bear unnecessary legal risks as long as they follow the standardized procedures.

I have been doing community first aid volunteer training for almost three years. Last summer, I came across the most impressive thing: Uncle Zhang, who was selling vegetables downstairs in the community, choked on the core by eating bayberry, and his wife slapped him on the back for almost two minutes, and his face turned purple. No one dared to get started around. Just as a high school student who had just finished our training upstairs passed by, he went up and used Heimlich's method for three times, and the core was directly ejected, less than 10 seconds before and after. If it were two or three minutes later, the consequences would really be unthinkable.

Nine times out of ten, the first question asked at the beginning of each training is "I'm not a doctor. What should I do if I save it?" There is indeed room for discussion on this issue. In the past few years, there was news that the rescuer broke the ribs of the elderly and was claimed by his family. Therefore, there is a school of thought that "don't shoot easily without a first-aid certificate, so as not to get burned"; However, in fact, Article 184 of the Civil Code, which came into effect in 2021, has made it clear that "goodwill rescue is exempt": as long as the emergency rescue is voluntarily carried out, causing damage to the aided person, the rescuer will not bear civil liability. Now the first lesson of formal first aid training will also teach the process of "first confirming the environmental safety, then calling 120 for help, and finally standardizing the disposal". As long as it is not deliberately spoofing or operating in disorder obviously beyond its own ability, there is no need to worry about accountability.

Many people think that first aid skills are difficult, but they are not. The most practical skills, you can get the hang of it in an hour and a half. For example, Heimlich's method is the fastest and easiest to learn. Many people have watched short videos, but it is easy to make mistakes when it is really used. For babies under one year old, you can't use your fist to push your stomach, but you should pat your back and press your chest. If the patient has lost consciousness and lies flat, just go straight to cardiac resuscitation, instead of holding it and looking for a posture.

As for the most worrying use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED), it is the only effective means to rescue cardiac arrest at present. Before, there was controversy about the pressing position: the old version of the textbook likes to say "the middle and lower third of the sternum", which can't be found for a long time for ordinary people who haven't studied anatomy. Now, both the training of the Chinese Red Cross Society and the guide of the American Heart Association (AHA) recommend ordinary people. Others asked me what to do if I was too weak to press it. I really don't have to be afraid. Kneeling on the side of the upper body, putting your shoulders right above the palm of your hand, and pressing down with your weight is much more useful than holding your arms hard. I have seen a little girl weighing 100 kg press more standard than a strong man weighing 180.

I sorted out the four most common scene handling points in daily life, which is much better than memorizing long paragraphs:

Oh, by the way, there is another detail that everyone is particularly easy to ignore. I have to say repeatedly every time I train: clap the other person's shoulder and shout "Are you okay?" When I really met the trainees, they just squatted down and tied their shoelaces. When they rushed up, they had to press their chest, which made a big joke. Make sure that the other party really didn't respond and didn't breathe before starting work. Don't rush to operate.

Many people say they don't know where to study. In fact, Red Cross Societies all over the country have many free public welfare trainings every year, and many hospitals and communities also offer them. Online, the National First Aid Publicity Center also has free public classes. If you want to get a certificate, AHA's HS (Public First Aid) certificate will cost several hundred yuan, and there are test sites in many parts of the country. Don't brush two short videos of 15 seconds and feel that you have learned it. Many details really need to be practiced before you know it. For example, how fast the pressing frequency is, that is, the speed at which you sing Calories or Little Apples, just press it with the beat. When I teach this myself, I often say that everyone remembers it very well.

In fact, I have been training for so long, and I never expected everyone to save strangers after learning. To put it bluntly, if you learn this, when the old man at home choked, the child burned, and the family suddenly fainted, you won't stand by and cry, but you can buy more than 120 minutes, which is enough. First aid has never been a doctor's patent, but a sense of security that every ordinary person can hold in his hand.