Common causes of abnormal uterine bleeding

Common causes of abnormal uterine bleeding mainly include endocrine disorders, uterine fibroids, endometrial polyps, coagulation disorders, endometrial cancer, etc. Abnormal uterine bleeding may be related to factors such as abnormal hormone levels, organic lesions, systemic diseases, etc. It usually manifests as symptoms such as menstrual cycle disorders, increased menstrual flow, and prolonged menstrual periods.

1. Endocrine disorders

Endocrine disorders are a common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding and may be related to hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis dysfunction. Polycystic ovary syndrome, thyroid dysfunction, perimenopausal hormone fluctuations, etc. can all lead to abnormal endometrial hyperplasia or shedding. Patients may experience shortened or prolonged menstrual cycles, and irregular menstrual flow. Treatment requires the selection of hormone regulating drugs based on the cause of the disease, such as ethinyl estradiol cyproterone tablets, levonorgestrel intrauterine sustained-release system, etc., as well as lifestyle adjustments.

2. Uterine fibroids

Uterine fibroids are benign tumors formed by the proliferation of uterine smooth muscle tissue, especially submucosal fibroids that can easily cause abnormal bleeding. Fibroids may compress the endometrium or affect uterine contractions, leading to increased menstrual flow, prolonged menstruation, or even anemia. Ultrasound examination can confirm the diagnosis, and treatment options include medical control such as mifepristone tablets, or surgical treatment such as uterine myomectomy.

3. Endometrial polyps

Endometrial polyps are localized overgrowths of the endometrium that may occur singly or multiple times. The surface of polyps has rich and fragile blood vessels, which can easily lead to intermenstrual bleeding or postmenstrual bleeding. Hysteroscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis, and hysteroscopic polypectomy can be used for treatment. Dydrogesterone tablets may be used for a short period of time after surgery to prevent recurrence.

4. Coagulation dysfunction

Systemic coagulation disorders such as thrombocytopenia, hemophilia, vitamin K deficiency, etc. may cause uterine bleeding to be difficult to stop. In addition to abnormal menstruation, patients may also experience symptoms such as skin ecchymosis and gum bleeding. Coagulation function tests need to be completed, and antifibrinolytic drugs such as tranexamic acid tablets can be used to assist in hemostasis while treating the primary disease.

5. Endometrial cancer

Endometrial cancer is a malignant cause of abnormal uterine bleeding that requires vigilance, and is more common in postmenopausal women. In the early stage, it may only show irregular vaginal bleeding, and in the later stage, there may be foul-smelling discharge and lower abdominal pain. Diagnosis relies on endometrial biopsy, and treatment requires surgical resection, progesterone therapy such as medroxyprogesterone acetate tablets, or radiotherapy and chemotherapy depending on the stage.

If abnormal uterine bleeding occurs, you should seek medical treatment promptly and determine the cause through gynecological examination, ultrasound, hormone testing and other means. It is necessary to maintain a regular schedule in daily life, avoid overexertion, and pay attention to menstrual hygiene. You can add iron-rich foods such as animal liver, spinach, etc. to your diet to prevent anemia. Avoid using hemostatic drugs without authorization, and all treatments must be carried out under the guidance of a doctor.