Bezoar

　　Bezoar is the dried gallstone of Bos taurus domesticus Gmelin. Mainly produced in Beijing, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Hebei, Heilongjiang and other places. Bezoar is divided into two types: bile yellow and tube yellow. The quality of bile yellow is better. When slaughtering cattle, if bezoar is found in the gallbladder, bile duct or liver duct, filter out the bile, take out the bezoar, remove the outer film, dry it in the shade, and grind it into very fine powder.

　　[Medical properties] Bitter, cool. Guixin, liver meridian.

　　【Efficacy】Resolving phlegm and resuscitation, cooling the liver and calming wind, clearing away heat and detoxifying.

　　【application】

　　1. Fever and coma. This product is cool in nature and its aroma is fragrant. It enters the heart meridian and can clear the heart, eliminate phlegm, and refresh the mind. Therefore, it is used to treat febrile diseases such as heat entering the pericardium and stroke, convulsions, epilepsy and other symptoms caused by phlegm-heat blocking the heart orifices, such as coma, delirium, high fever and irritability, silent mouth, tongue, phlegm and saliva blockage. It is often combined with musk, borneol, cinnabar, coptis, gardenia and other products that can open the mind, clear away heat and detoxify, such as Angong Niuhuang Wan ("Febrile Disease Tiao Bian").

　　2. Infantile convulsions and epilepsy. This product enters the heart and liver meridians and has the effects of clearing the heart, cooling the liver, calming wind and relieving spasm. It is often used to treat severe fever, coma, convulsions and convulsions caused by acute convulsions in children. It is usually combined with cinnabar, whole scorpion, uncaria and other heat-clearing, wind-clearing and antispasmodic medicines, such as Niuhuang Powder ("Criteria for Syndrome and Treatment"); if it is used to treat epileptic seizures caused by phlegm that clears the orifices, the symptoms include sudden collapse, For those who are unconscious, spitting at the mouth, and twitching limbs, it can be combined with medicines such as Pearl, Polygala, and Dannanxing to relieve phlegm, awaken the mind, and antispasmodic drugs, such as Epilepsy Zhenxin Dan ("Lectures on Traditional Chinese Medicine Internal Medicine" Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1964, 160).

　　3. Sores on the mouth and tongue, swelling and pain in the throat, toothache, carbuncle and boils. This product is cool in nature and is a good medicine for clearing away heat and detoxifying. It is used to treat mouth sores, sore throat and toothache due to stagnation of fire poison. It is often used together with skullcap, realgar and rhubarb, such as Niuhuang Jiedu Pills ("National Formulary of Traditional Chinese Medicines"); if the throat is swollen, painful and ulcerated, it can be mixed with pearls to blow the throat, such as Zhuhuang Powder ("Jiangang Summary") To treat carbuncles, boils, boils, etc., use bezoar together with honeysuckle, caoheche, and licorice, such as Niuhuang Jiedu Pills ("Summary of Baoying Baoying"); it can also be used to treat breast cancer, transverse ulcers, phlegm cores, bleeding, scrofula, malignant sores and other syndromes, and can be used with musk, frankincense, and myrrh, such as Xihuang Pills ("Surgical Syndrome and Treatment Complete Collection").

　　[Usage and Dosage] Take into pills or powders, 0.15~0.35g each time. For external use, apply appropriate amount to the affected area.

　　[Usage Note] It should not be used if it is not due to excess heat syndrome, and should be used with caution by pregnant women.

　　[Abstract from ancient books]

　　1. "Shen Nong's Materia Medica": "It is mainly used for epilepsy with cold and heat, and when the heat is excessive, it can lead to severe dysentery." ”

　　2. "Bielu": "It can cure all kinds of diseases in children, including epilepsy, fever, difficulty in speaking, and madness in adults. And abortion. ”

　　3. "Daily Materia Medica": "Cure epilepsy, convulsions, and irritability-heat diseases. It clears the heart and resolves heat, relieves phlegm and cools convulsions." ”

　　【Modern Research】

　　1. Chemical composition: This product contains cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, bile, bile pigments, ergot, vitamin D, sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, phosphorus, etc.; it also contains carotenoids and various amino acids such as alanine and glycine; it also contains mucin, fatty acids and peptides (SMC).

　　2. Pharmacological effects: Bezoar has sedative, anticonvulsant and antipyretic effects, and can enhance myocardial contractility of isolated frog hearts; bilirubin, the main component of bezoar, has the effect of lowering blood pressure and inhibiting heartbeat; SMC, the component of bezoar aqueous solution, has gallbladder contraction, and the cholic acid contained in it, especially deoxycholic acid, can It relaxes the bile duct orifice sphincter, promotes bile secretion and has a choleretic effect; taurine has a significant protective effect on acute and chronic rat liver damage caused by carbon tetrachloride; intravenous infusion of bezoar in rabbits can significantly increase red blood cells; bezoar also has anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, and lowering blood lipids.

　　3. Clinical research: It is reported that Bezoar Qianjin Powder, which is mainly composed of bezoar and musk, is taken with a decoction of rushes, mint, and honeysuckle to treat febrile convulsions in children. It is effective after just one application (Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1984, 4:24); using bezoar Jiedu pills added with normal saline and applied externally were used to treat 30 cases of herpes zoster, and the symptoms generally recovered in 6 to 8 days (Chinese Patent Medicine, 1989, 9:25); Angong Niuhuang Pills were used to treat jaundice hepatitis, with good results (Jiangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1988, 6:17). In addition, bezoars are used to treat Japanese encephalitis, coronary heart disease, stroke, acute pancreatitis, upper respiratory tract infections, etc.

　　4. Adverse reactions: Taking Niuhuang Jiedu Tablets may cause thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal bleeding, urticaria-type drug eruption, anaphylactic shock, cystitis, bronchial asthma, etc. Poisoning or allergic reactions after taking bezoar preparations are mainly caused by excessive long-term use; secondly, the drug users have a specific or allergic constitution. Treatment of bezoar poisoning: Stop taking medication and provide anti-allergy, anti-shock and symptomatic treatment.

　　[Others] In addition to cattle and buffalo, gallstones from bovine animals such as yak and bison can also be used as medicine. There are also artificial bezoars, which are made from bovine bile or pig bile, and are processed by artificially extracting cholic acid, bile, bilirubin, inorganic salts, etc.; there are also artificially cultivated bezoars, which are based on the formation mechanism of natural bezoars. Allogeneic bezoars are implanted in the bovine gallbladder to successfully cultivate bezoars to alleviate the shortage of natural bezoars.