What is the content of child safety and first aid training?

At present, the mainstream domestic child safety and first aid training focuses on the two major directions of risk prevention and control, and on-site emergency response. Different training classes for ordinary parents, childcare practitioners, and school staff will have obvious differences in the depth of content. They are not a single skill class that only teaches bandaging and cardiopulmonary resuscitation as everyone stereotypes.

I have been doing this for almost 5 years, and last week I just gave a full day of customized training to a nursery in Chaoyang District, Beijing. Instead of demonstrating the operation with teaching aids, we showed three clips of real accident surveillance we collected: one was a parent feeding a whole grape to a 2-year-old child who got stuck in the throat and was so panicked that he only slapped his back; one was a grandma putting anti-hypertensive medicine on the coffee table and the child dug it out and ate half of the bottle; and another was an elementary school boy who broke his arm while running during recess, and the teacher forced him to drag his arm to the infirmary, which only aggravated the dislocation. After the play, all the teachers and childcare workers were quiet. This part is the content of the risk prediction module. We will look at the high-risk lists for children of different ages and help everyone find hidden dangers according to their own life scenarios. For example, when explaining to parents with children aged 0-3 years old, we will specifically mention not to put coins, button batteries, and whole nuts within the reach of children, and not to put small stools that can be climbed on the balcony. These contents may sound trivial, but they are the core of preventing 80% of children's accidents.

When it comes to first aid operations, there has always been a controversial topic in the industry: Should ordinary caregivers be taught high-risk operations? For example, chest compressions, stabbing foreign bodies, etc. Those who support it believe that as long as the operation is standardized and the golden 4 minutes after cardiac arrest are handled, many children who are drowning or suffering from emergencies can be saved. Last year, one of our students was the owner of a convenience store in a community. When his neighbor's 3-year-old child got stuck in a gummy candy, he used the Heimlich maneuver he learned in class to take out the foreign object in 10 seconds. If he had to wait for 120 to arrive, it would take at least 15 minutes, and he couldn't imagine the consequences. ； The opposing side also has solid case support. People without systematic training can easily misjudge the indications. For example, if a child only coughs but still makes a sound, he will press the Heimlich indiscriminately and push the foreign object deeper into the airway. If he performs random chest compressions on a child who does not have cardiac arrest, he may even break the ribs and injure the organs. When we do training now, we always put the judgment of indications before the operation, and first teach everyone to recognize the "signals that must be started": for example, a child with a stuck throat cannot make a sound, has purple lips, and cannot cough, so he needs to use the Heimlich. If he can still cry and shout, let him cough on his own and observe the status at any time. We are definitely not encouraged to blindly start.

In the past two years, we have also added a lot of content that was easily overlooked in the past, such as psychological comfort after injuries, and guidance on coping with non-physical injuries. Last time, a primary school teacher came to class and said that there was a child in the class who was robbed of money by a senior class. He did not dare to tell the teacher and had an emotional breakdown only discovered by his parents half a month later. Our current training will also add this kind of content to teach teachers and parents how to observe children's abnormal emotional signals, how to guide children to actively talk about problems they encounter, and the care precautions for children after burns and fractures heal. These contents were rarely mentioned in the past, but actually have a great impact on the child's subsequent recovery.

I have been doing training myself for so long, and the biggest feeling I have is that everyone always wants to learn "life-saving tricks", but in fact, the most useful are those inconspicuous prevention details. By the time it is time to start first aid, the accident has already happened.