What could be the cause of redness, swelling, and itching of the foreskin?

Redness, swelling, and itching of the foreskin and glans penis may be related to conditions such as balanoposthitis, allergic reactions, fungal infections, bacterial infections, or mechanical friction. Treatment options include maintaining local cleanliness, applying topical medications, and taking oral medications.

I. Balanoposthitis

Balanoposthitis is usually caused by excessive foreskin, which leads to inadequate local hygiene. It is characterized by redness, swelling, a burning sensation, and an increase in white discharge. The treatment involves washing the affected area with warm water daily, followed by the application of topical ointments such as erythromycin or clotrimazole cream, as prescribed by a doctor. If there is obvious exudate present, it can be soaked in a diluted solution of potassium permanganate.

II. Allergic Reactions

After coming into contact with allergenic substances such as condoms or detergents, local urticarial erythema accompanied by intense itching may occur. The suspicious product should be discontinued immediately and the affected area should be treated with saline wet compresses. If the symptoms persist, loratadine tablets can be taken orally; in more severe cases, dexamethasone sodium phosphate injections may be necessary.

III. Fungal infections

Candida albicans infections are common in individuals with diabetes or weakened immune systems, and are typically characterized by well-defined red patches accompanied by scaling. After confirmation of the diagnosis, topical application of miconazole nitrate powder is required. In cases accompanied by perianal itching, oral itraconazole capsules can be taken, while it is also essential to control blood sugar levels.

IV. Bacterial infections

Infections such as Staphylococcus aureus are often accompanied by purulent discharge and pain, and may be related to unhygienic sexual practices. In addition to regular cleaning, it is necessary to select either Levofloxacin Hydrochloride Capsules or Cefixime Dispersible Tablets based on the results of drug sensitivity tests. The spouse should also undergo simultaneous examination and treatment.

V. Mechanical friction stimulation

Intense sexual activity or the use of rough clothing materials can cause damage to the skin surface, leading to temporary congestion and swelling. It is recommended to refrain from sexual activity and wear cotton underwear. For minor abrasions, mupirocin ointment can be applied to prevent secondary infections.

It is important to wash the perineal area with warm water daily and dry it thoroughly; avoid using alkaline shower gels. Reduce the intake of spicy and stimulating foods in your diet. Choose cotton underwear that allows good breathability and change it daily. If the symptoms persist for more than 3 days or if there is ulceration with discharge, it is necessary to seek medical attention from a dermatologist or urologist promptly to rule out any specific infections. Individuals with excessive prepuce may consider undergoing circumcision after the inflammation has been controlled to prevent recurrence.