What are the items in disease screening physical examination?

There is no unified must-do list of physical examination items for disease screening. The core is a combination of basic general items and individualized targeted items, which must be determined according to your age, living habits, family history, and previous health status.

Don't think this statement is too general. When I usually help users customize screening plans, I just made a plan for a 32-year-old Internet operator last week. He stayed up until two or three o'clock all year round, and his previous physical examination showed fatty liver. His grandfather has a history of colorectal cancer. In addition to the well-known height and weight, blood and urine routine, Basic items such as liver and kidney function, chest X-ray, and abdominal ultrasound are added to the refined testing of blood lipids and blood glucose, transient elastography of the liver, and fecal occult blood combined with early screening gene testing for colorectal cancer suitable for people under 40 years old. It is not necessary to perform an invasive colonoscopy at the time. A non-invasive primary screening is enough to check for risks.

Many people think that the basic items are useless and just follow the procedure. In fact, this is not the case. Last month, a 28-year-old girl came for a follow-up visit. Her routine physical examination at the workplace revealed an abnormal increase in white blood cells. Further investigation confirmed the diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. It was discovered very early. Now she can control it just like a normal person by taking medicine. If she waits for symptoms such as fatigue and low-grade fever to appear before checking, it will often be delayed until the advanced stage.

After the age of 40, body function declines, and the risk of tumors and chronic diseases increases significantly. Even if you don't feel any discomfort at ordinary times, it is best to supplement low-dose CT for lung cancer, gastrointestinal endoscopy, and bone density. For women, additional mammography, and for men, prostate-specific antigen. Last year, there was a 52-year-old patient who usually had better bowels and could eat cold or spicy food without getting upset. However, he had to do a colonoscopy after being persuaded by his family. A 0.8-cm adenomatous polyp was found and was removed directly under the microscope. If such a polyp is left alone for three to five years, the risk of cancer can rise to more than 30%. It is equivalent to spending hundreds of dollars for a check-up, which can directly nip the risk of cancer in the bud.

Nowadays, many medical examination institutions like to promote the "full set of tumor markers". There have been different opinions in this industry. Some experts believe that healthy people only need to do a few tests corresponding to high-risk cancers. The specificity of many markers is too low, and a slight increase in detection will only increase anxiety. Some experts believe that a full set of screening can cover rare tumor signals. As long as the follow-up professional interpretation is done, there is no need to be scared to sleep when seeing abnormalities. The judgment is reliable when combined with other examinations.

Really don’t follow the trend and buy high-end packages that cost tens of thousands of yuan. They will arrange PET-CT for you when they come up. It is an examination that only patients with clinically suspected tumors need to do. Healthy people do it every year, but they are in vain and consume radiation, which is not worth the gain. If you really want to be screened, spend 10 minutes in advance to find a reliable general practitioner to talk about your situation. The project that will be assigned is the most suitable for you. It is better to spend the right money than to waste money.