What causes orchitis?

Orchitis may be caused by bacterial infection, viral infection, trauma, retrograde spread of urinary tract infection, immune abnormalities and other reasons. Orchitis usually presents with symptoms such as redness, swelling, heat and pain in the scrotum, fever, and difficulty in urinating. It can be intervened through antibiotic treatment, bed rest, scrotal elevation, analgesia, anti-inflammation, and surgical drainage.

1. Bacterial infection

Transurethral retrograde infection by pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause. It may be related to unclean sexual behavior and urinary system instrument inspection. Acute attacks are accompanied by chills and high fever, and the skin of the scrotum is shiny and tight. Antibiotics such as ceftriaxone sodium for injection, levofloxacin tablets, and azithromycin dispersible tablets must be used as directed by the doctor, and bed immobilization is required.

2. Viral infection

Mumps virus is the main causative agent of orchitis in adolescents. The virus spreads to the testicles through the blood, and the disease often occurs 4-7 days after the swelling of the parotid glands. It manifests as severe pain in the testicles accompanied by fever, which may affect spermatogenesis. Recombinant human interferon α2b injection can be used in the early stage, combined with ibuprofen sustained-release capsules to relieve symptoms. If necessary, glucocorticoid pulse treatment is required.

3. Traumatic factors

Testicular impact or straddling injury results in local hematoma, and secondary bacterial infection may develop into orchitis. Commonly seen in sports injuries or accidents, it is accompanied by scrotal ecchymosis and persistent pain. In the acute stage, you need to apply ice and wear a scrotal support. If an abscess forms, it needs to be incised and drained. You can also take Maizhiling tablets to improve local circulation.

4. Spread of urinary tract infection

The pathogens of prostatitis or epididymitis spread to the testicles through the vas deferens, which is more common in middle-aged and elderly men. Bladder irritation symptoms such as frequent urination and urgency often appear first, and then testicular pain gradually worsens. The primary lesion needs to be treated simultaneously. Tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained-release capsules are commonly used combined with piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium for injection. Keep the perineum clean after urination.

5. Autoimmune abnormalities

Connective tissue diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus may trigger autoimmune inflammation of the testicles. It manifests as painless swelling of the testicles on both sides, accompanied by systemic symptoms such as low fever and fatigue. It is necessary to use prednisone acetate tablets to control the immune response, cooperate with tripterygium glycoside tablets to regulate immune function, and monitor sperm quality regularly.

In daily life, you should avoid sitting for long periods of time which puts pressure on the perineum, and choose breathable cotton underwear to keep the scrotum dry. In the acute stage, sexual life should be suspended, the diet should be light and the intake of vitamin C should be increased. If you have persistent high fever or black scrotal skin, you need to seek emergency medical treatment. Those with chronic and recurring symptoms need to check for underlying diseases such as diabetes. During the recovery period, you can take a warm sitz bath to promote blood circulation, but the water temperature should not exceed 40 degrees Celsius.