Basic first aid skills popularization training

If ordinary people spend 2-3 hours participating in a formal basic first aid skills training and master 3-4 core operations, they can reduce the death and disability rate of accidental injuries by more than 40% during the golden rescue window before 120. It is extremely cost-effective and completely worth taking the time to learn.

I have been doing emergency science popularization in the community for almost 3 years. What impressed me the most was an incident last summer: Aunt Zhang, who lives in Chengxi Community, just joined in and listened to our half-hour Heimlich maneuver last week. When she went downstairs to take out the garbage, she ran into a neighbor's 3-year-old child who had jelly stuck in his throat. His face turned purple. She followed the learned action and stood behind the child for 12 seconds, and half a piece of jelly spurted out. Later, the emergency doctor said that it would have taken at least 16 minutes for them to arrive. If they had waited, the child would have probably suffocated and suffered irreversible brain damage.

Of course, I also know that many people have concerns. The most common question is "I don't have a certificate. Will I be compensated if the rescue is bad?" ”, there are indeed two voices in the industry on this point: one is the mainstream science popularization direction of the Red Cross system, which clearly states that as long as the rescue is voluntary and no secondary harm is intentionally caused, the "good person clause" of the Civil Code can completely cover the situation without any burden. ； However, many front-line emergency doctors have given more practical advice: If you have no formal training and have only seen a few fragmented short videos, don’t move blindly if you encounter an emergency, especially if you suspect that the injured person has a cervical spine fracture or cerebral hemorrhage. Moving around will aggravate the injury. It is better to stay nearby and call 120 to help evacuate the crowd and maintain ventilation.

Oh, by the way, some people say that I will never encounter this kind of thing in my life, and it is useless to learn. To be honest, I thought the same way before, until I met someone who fainted at the subway station. People around him were rushing to take pictures with their mobile phones, and no one dared to come forward. I went up and felt that his breath was fine, but he was hypoglycemic. I gave him a candy to calm him down. At that time, I felt that if he could eat more, he would really not panic in trouble.

Speaking of short videos, I really have to mention that a lot of first aid science on the Internet is wrong. Many people think they know first aid after reading two paragraphs. I met a young man at the last training. He said that his roommate had a nosebleed before. He asked him to look up as told on the Internet. As a result, he choked on the blood and coughed into his trachea for almost half an hour. In the end, he went to the hospital to take a X-ray to reassure him. There are other things like putting toothpaste and soy sauce on a burnt child, pinching someone if they faint, or slapping someone hard on the back if their throat is stuck. I have to correct these mistakes in almost every training. Last year, a parent applied half a tube of toothpaste to a burnt child. When he went to the hospital for debridement, all the damaged skin was torn off, and the child could be heard crying throughout the corridor.

In fact, for ordinary people, there is really no need to learn too complicated operations, and there is no need to force yourself to take any first aid certificate. You just need to memorize the first step of the four core scenarios: If you meet someone with a stuck throat and can't speak, first stand behind you, clench your fist and push up on his upper abdomen (that is, the Heimlich maneuver)； If there is bleeding from trauma, first hold the wound tightly with a clean cloth or clothing. ； If you get burned, flush cold running water for 15 minutes immediately and don’t apply anything randomly. ； When you encounter someone having an epileptic fit and twitching, don't put anything in his mouth, don't hold down his arms or legs, just move away the sharp objects around him and wait for him to finish twitching.

As for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and AED (automated external defibrillator) that everyone often hears about, my personal suggestion is that if you have the opportunity to participate in offline practical exercises, practice the depth and frequency of compressions on a simulator before getting started. If you have only watched the video, don’t start rashly. I have seen too many people press the wrong position and break the injured person’s ribs, which will cause trouble. This is also where the current popular science circle is a bit divided: the Red Cross now encourages everyone to learn CPR. After all, AED coverage in public places is getting higher and higher, and knowing how to use it will give you more life. ； However, many clinicians are more inclined to "don't get started without practicing it." Both statements are correct, and the core is to avoid secondary injuries.

Many people ask me, "What should I do if I forget about it after learning it?" ”, to be honest, I don’t ask you to memorize all the knowledge points. It’s enough for you to memorize the first action of each scene. When you really encounter trouble, you only need to do this first step more than those who are completely panicked, and it will already be of great help. I had a former student whose father got stuck in his throat after eating spareribs on the second day after the course. He was also panicked at the time, and remembered to push his stomach, and spit out the bones after two strokes. Later, he gave us a special banner, saying that he thought he was learning this to save strangers, but he didn't expect to use it on his own family first.

In fact, after doing science popularization for so long, my biggest feeling is that first aid is really not the exclusive skill of doctors. Nowadays, when there are traffic jams in the morning and evening rush hours in urban areas, 120 really cannot keep up with the most critical three to five minutes. If you know a little more, you may be able to save a life. Nowadays, various communities and Red Cross societies often provide free offline first aid training. They use simulators to give you practical exercises. You can spend an afternoon learning a few simple actions and you really won't suffer.