What are the factors that cause prostatitis?

Prostatitis may be related to bacterial infection, long-term sitting, urine reflux, immune abnormalities, psychological stress and other factors. Prostatitis is a common disease in men. It mainly manifests symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, and perineal pain. In severe cases, it may affect fertility.

1. Bacterial infection

Retrograde bacterial infection through the urethra is a common cause of prostatitis, and pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus may cause acute bacterial prostatitis. Patients may experience symptoms such as fever and burning pain during urination. Treatment requires the use of antibiotics such as levofloxacin tablets and cefixime dispersible tablets as directed by the doctor, along with warm water sitz baths to relieve symptoms.

2. Sitting for long periods of time

In sedentary people such as office workers and drivers, local blood circulation in the prostate is blocked, and accumulation of metabolites may lead to chronic non-bacterial prostatitis. It is recommended to get up and move for 5 minutes every hour, avoid wearing tight pants, and perform daily exercises such as squats and brisk walking to improve pelvic blood circulation.

3. Urine reflux

Abnormally increased bladder pressure during urination may cause urine to flow backward into the prostate ducts, causing chemical irritation and inflammation. This condition is common in patients who have long-term urination and urethral stricture, and manifests as worsening pain after urination. The bladder needs to be emptied in time, and in severe cases, surgery may be required to relieve urethral obstruction.

4. Immune abnormalities

Abnormal autoimmune reactions may attack prostate tissue, leading to type III chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Prostatic fluid examination of such patients usually shows no bacteria, but there is persistent pain. Treatment can use celecoxib capsules for analgesia, combined with psychological counseling to relieve anxiety.

5. Psychological pressure

Long-term mental stress will affect prostate function through neuroendocrine pathways and aggravate inflammatory reactions. Patients often suffer from symptoms such as insomnia and anxiety. In addition to drug treatment, it is recommended to regulate emotions through mindfulness meditation, aerobic exercise, etc., and seek help from a psychologist if necessary.

To prevent prostatitis, you need to maintain a regular schedule, drink more than 1,500 ml of water every day to avoid concentrating urine, and avoid eating spicy and irritating foods. Perform pelvic floor muscle training, such as Kegel exercises, at least three times a week. If you have persistent abnormal urination or perineal pain for more than 1 week, you should go to the urology department in time to avoid taking antibiotics on your own. Middle-aged and older men are recommended to undergo prostate-specific antigen testing every year.